The Battle of Shiloh was fought near Pittsburgh Landing, Tennessee. The Union army of Tennessee was commanded by General Ulysses S. Grant, the Confederate army of Mississippi by General Albert S. Johnston. Over 100,000 men were engaged, the largest number yet in the Western Hemisphere. Johnston was close to a brilliant victory on the first day, but it cost him his life. Grant, with timely reinforcements on the second day, turned the tide against General P. G. T. Beauregard. Losses were severe on both sides, sobering Washington and Richmond and the public perception of the struggle.